Nanomaterial Interactions with the Environment and Biological Systems: Implications for Soil, Water, Plants, and Microorganisms

Abstract

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized many sectors of the industry with the development of novel materials and technologies. With the increasing use of nanomaterials in products and applications, the presence of nanoparticles in the environment, such as in soil, sediments, water, air, and biota, is inevitable. Understanding of the physical and chemical processes and environmental conditions that govern the fate and behavior of nanomaterials in the environment is essential to strengthen the environmental and human health security. This study discusses the role of physical and chemical processes and environmental conditions on the fate, transport, behavior, transformation, and toxicity of metal based nanoparticles and their environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems, as well as plants and microorganisms. Research on the interactions of nanomaterials with the environment and biological systems will allow the development of models contributing to advancing knowledge on the behavior and fate of nanoparticles in the environment and assessing their potential risk in the environment.