Abstract
Nanomaterials have been exploited extensively to fabricate various biosensors for clinical diagnostics and food & environmental monitoring. These materials in conjugation with highly specific aptamers (next-gen antibody mimics) have enhanced the selectivity, sensitivity and rapidness of the developed aptasensors for numerous targets ranging from small molecules such as heavy metal ions to complex matrices containing large entities like cells. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in nanomaterial based aptasensors from the past five years also including the basics of conventionally used detection methodologies that paved the way for futuristic sensing techniques. The aptasensors have been categorised based upon these detection techniques and their modifications viz., colorimetric, fluorometric, Raman spectroscopy, electro-chemiluminescence, voltammetric, impedimetric and mechanical force-based sensing of a multitude of targets are discussed in detail. The bio-interaction of these numerous nanomaterials with the aptameric component and that of the complete aptasensor with the target have been studied in great depth. This review thus acts as a compendium for nanomaterial based aptasensors and their applications in the field of clinical and environmental diagnosis.
Highlights
The history of sensors dates back to 1909 with the development of a pH sensor by Søren Sørensen.[1,2] true ‘biosensors’ were introduced in 1962 by Leland C
In an article by Zhang & group, a graphene and plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAA) composite was used as the detection platform for label-free quanti cation of thrombin simultaneously by using quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) and EIS.[139]
They experimentally reported an enhancement in the mechanical properties of graphene by using polymerised allylamine and were able to monitor the binding kinetics of thrombin on a graphene–PPAA nano lm suggesting its possible usage in gene-therapy and protein detection
Summary
The history of sensors dates back to 1909 with the development of a pH sensor by Søren Sørensen.[1,2] true ‘biosensors’ were introduced in 1962 by Leland C. Wu et al developed a sandwich approach to overcome the inability of SPR sensors to detect smaller concentration as they are incapable of generating a readable shi in the plasmon (Fig. 9) In their developed sensor for C-reactive protein (CRP), they used aptamers as capture receptors to anchor CRP molecules on SPR chips and owed anti-CRP antibodies bound to AuNPs. The sensor showed an ultrasensitive dynamic response between 10 pM and 100 nM in human serum samples.[100] Yoo et al developed a localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based chip from a glass slide by separating gold layers with a dielectric layer of silica nanoparticles for a multiplex detection assay for various bacterial species.[102] For this, a glass slide was coated with.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
