Nanofluid past a continuous stretching Riga sheet by Gyarmati’s principle

Abstract

The work on steady laminar forced convection flow of electro magneto-hydrodynamic nanofluid over a uniformly moving sheet has been considered with the aim of evaluating non-equilibrium governing boundary layer momentum, energy and concentration equations using a classical thermodynamic variational technique. The flow, heat and mass transfer of a continuously accelerated sheet extruded in a low electrically conducting fluid, enhanced by induced ponderomotive force and diluted suspension of nanoparticles is the novel intention of the present study. The integral forms of the Lagrangian functional are constructed by determining the dual flow fields inside and on the boundary layer. Then, the necessary conditions for extremum of integral principle are derived as simple algebraic expressions in terms of boundary layer thicknesses. The thermo-physical quantities of the research interest are determined explicitly as polynomial expressions. This study examines how the skin friction coefficient, local heat and mass transfer are affected by electromagnetic force (QH), Joule heating (Ec), thermophoresis (NT) and Brownian motion (NB). The computed results indicate that electromagnetic force increases the velocity, and reduces the temperature. The concentration is increased by thermophoresis effect and decreased by Brownian diffusion. To validate the efficiency of solution procedure and confirm accuracy, certain specific results are compared with the solutions by other numerical methods available in the literature. The precision is confirmed.