Abstract
Current drinking water treatment demands new nanofiltration (NF) membranes to achieve efficient separation performance of both divalent hardness cations and new contaminants (ECs). In this work, we utilized sodium alginate as an interlayer to fabricate modified NF membrane with enhanced separation capacity. The interlayer was formed on substrate before interfacial polymerization reaction, controlling the irregular mass transfer of piperazine monomers and forming a crosslinked network at the bottom of the active layer to enhance the separation performance. Alginate modification method was proved achieving excellent separation of hardness cations by the surface potential shift and sharpened pore size distribution, while exhibiting high rejection for SO42− (≥99.00 %) by maintaining a negative membrane surface charge. The modified membrane provided efficient hardness removal (90.79 % for Ca2+, 95.94 % for Mg2+) and enhanced anionic ECs rejection (95.24 % for PFOA, 98.44 % for PFOS), while maintaining operational stability, thus providing drinking water treatment potential for groundwater with high total dissolved solids.
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