Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) may explain the current lack of an effective therapeutic approach for the regeneration of damaged neuronal cells and the recovery of motor functions. A primary mechanical injury in the spinal cord triggers a cascade of secondary events, which are involved in SCI instauration and progression. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative approaches, which involve the use of nanofibers as local drug delivery systems. Drugs released by nanofibers aim at preventing the cascade of secondary damage (neuro-protection), whereas nanofibrous structures are intended to re-establish neuronal connectivity through axonal sprouting (neuro-regeneration) promotion, in order to achieve a rapid functional recovery of spinal cord.
Highlights
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in devastating and debilitating conditions such as severe dysfunctions of the motor, sensory, and autonomic systems [1].It is mainly caused by mechanical trauma of the spine, due to traffic accidents, falling from buildings, gun shots, sport injuries etc
The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative approaches, which involve the use of nanofibers as local drug delivery systems
A particular type of nanofibers is represented by carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are composed of graphene sheets rolled up to form a cylinder made of carbon atoms
Summary
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in devastating and debilitating conditions such as severe dysfunctions of the motor, sensory, and autonomic systems [1]. It is mainly caused by mechanical trauma of the spine, due to traffic accidents, falling from buildings, gun shots, sport injuries etc. Primary mechanical trauma of the spinal cord, such as compression and shear forces, produces instantaneous vascular, cellular, and axonal damages that expand from the injury site in both radial and axial directions [1,4,5]. Ttohedyruagcts aws hdorsueg pcoatrerinetrisa,l rienleaSsCinIgtrtehaetmacetnivtehas beencormeppoourtnedd/siancctohredilnitgetroatthuerethoefratpheeultaicsrtetqwuoireymeeanrsts., aTnhdepsreocvoidnedappahrytsoicfatlhsueprpeovrite,wdiriesctdinegvoatnedd to emegrugiidnigngtecahxnoonlaolgriceaglenaperpartoioanc.heDsrbuagssedreolenasneadnobfiybenrasn. oTfhibeeyrsacatiams dartupgrceavrernietirnsg, rethleeasciansgcatdhee aocftive comspecoounndda/rysadcacmoradgien(gnetuortoh-pertohteecrtaiponeu),twichreerqeuasirneamneonfitbsr,oaunsdstpruroctvuirdees aarpe hinytseincdaledsutpopreo-rets,tdabirlieschting andngeuuriodninalgcaoxnonnecatlivrietygethnreoruagtihonax. oDnarlusgpsroreulteinagse(dnebuyron-raengoenfiebreartsioani)mpraotmporteiovne,nintinogrdtehretocaosbctaidne of secoanrdaparidy fduanmctiaogneal(nreecuorvoe-rpyrooftethcetiospni)n,awl choerrde.as nanofibrous structures are intended to re-establish neuronal connectivity through axonal sprouting (neuro-regeneration) promotion, in order to obtain a rapid functional recovery of the spinal cord
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