Abstract
Diabetes is a rapidly growing disease that can be monitored at an individual level by controlling the blood glucose level, hence minimizing the negative impact of the disease. Significant research efforts have been focused on the design of novel and improved technologies to overcome the limitations of existing glucose analysis methods. In this context, nanotechnology has enabled the diagnosis at the single cell and molecular level with the possibility of incorporation in advanced molecular diagnostic biochips. Recent years have witnessed the exploration and synthesis of various types of nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties, with their subsequent integration into the design of biomimetic optical sensors for glucose monitoring. This review paper will provide insights on the type, nature and synthesis of different biomimetic nanomaterials. Moreover, recent developments in the integration of these nanomaterials for optical glucose biosensing will be highlighted, with a final discussion on the challenges that must be addressed for successful implementation of these nano-devices in the clinical applications is presented.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has emerged as a great socioeconomic burden for the developing countries
Metal catalysts are usually used for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and sometimes traces amounts remain in the product, so the enzymatic activity of SWNTs could be due to these metal residues
Nanozymes can be applied as a single component or multicomponent systems towards Nanozymes can be applied as a single component or multicomponent systems towards colorimetric detection of glucose
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has emerged as a great socioeconomic burden for the developing countries. Glucose plays an important function in the human body, where it serves as the primary energy source for the brain and is as a source of energy for cells throughout the body This energy helps the cells carry out nerve cell conduction, muscle cell contraction, active transport and the production of chemical substances [5]. Considering the burden, it adds to the frail health and economic systems of a developing country, there is a dire need to conduct research and develop comprehensive and cost-effective methodologies. The section will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of enzymatic glucose sensors in order to help the reader compare the performance of non-enzymatic sensors with enzyme-based methodologies
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