Abstract
Psoriasis is a skin disease that is not lethal and does not spread through bodily contact. However, this seemingly harmless condition can lead to a loss of confidence and social stigmatization due to a persons’ flawed appearance. The conventional methods of psoriasis treatment include taking in systemic drugs to inhibit immunoresponses within the body or applying topical drugs onto the surface of the skin to inhibit cell proliferation. Topical methods are favored as they pose lesser side effects compared to the systemic methods. However, the side effects from systemic drugs and low bioavailability of topical drugs are the limitations to the treatment. The use of nanotechnology in this field has enhanced drug loading capacity and reduced dosage size. In this review, biosurfactants were introduced as a ‘greener’ alternative to their synthetic counterparts. Glycolipid biosurfactants are specifically suited for anti-psoriatic application due to their characteristic skin-enhancing qualities. The selection of a suitable oil phase can also contribute to the anti-psoriatic effect as some oils have skin-healing properties. The review covers the pathogenic pathway of psoriasis, conventional treatments, and prospective ingredients to be used as components in the nanoemulsion formulation. Furthermore, an insight into the state-of-the-art methods used in formulating nanoemulsions and their progression to low-energy methods are also elaborated in detail.
Highlights
The term psoriasis is derived from the Ancient Greek word ‘psora’, which means itch.In ancient times, psoriasis was generalized with contagious inflammatory skin disorders such as leprosy [1]
These cells are activated by IFN released by dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) upon stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), commonly TLR3, TLR7, or
The altered Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling regulates apoptotic signals such as B-cell lymphoma-extra-large gene (Bcl-xL), cyclins, and survivin, which are known to be at peak in an inset of psoriasis [40,41]
Summary
The term psoriasis is derived from the Ancient Greek word ‘psora’, which means itch. In ancient times, psoriasis was generalized with contagious inflammatory skin disorders such as leprosy [1]. Psoriasis manifests in various forms, and its classification is made on the basis of the inflammatory process undergone, localization of rash, local irritation, the severity of occurrence, and other clinical traits. This disease has four categories: chronic plaque, guttate, pustular, and erythroderma [6]. Nanosized drug delivery systems have immense potential to enhance drug delivery and reduce prescribed dosages due to their increase in bioavailability Nanoemulsion is one such technique that uses a colloidal model to deliver nanosized droplets of active agents with high surface area to the affected region of skin. An overview on the suitable ingredients to be used for a nanoemulsion and the introduction of the use of natural biosurfactants as opposed to the synthetic ones are highlighted as they are environmentally friendly and exhibit surfactant competency on par with their synthetic counterparts
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