Abstract
We develop a suitable delivery system for niaouli essential oil (NEO) using a nanoemulsification method for acne vulgaris. Prepared nanoemulsions (NEs) were characterized for droplet dimension, rheology, surface charge, and stability. The ability of NEO formulations against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated and all formulations showed antiacne potential in vitro. Ex vivo permeation studies indicated significant improvement in drug permeations and steady state flux of all NEO-NEs compared to the neat NEO (p < 0.05). On the basis of the studied pharmaceutical parameters, enhanced ex vivo skin permeation, and marked effect on acne pathogens, formulation NEO-NE4 was found to be the best (oil (NEO; 10% v/v); Kolliphor EL (9.25% v/v), Carbitol (27.75% v/v), and water (53% v/v)). Concisely, the in vitro and ex vivo results revealed that nanoemulsification improved the delivery as well as bioactivities of NEO significantly.
Highlights
We develop a suitable delivery system for niaouli essential oil (NEO) using a nanoemulsification method for acne vulgaris
Oil-in-water (O/W) NE zones were delineated for the optimization of NEO-NEs
In the case of the Smix 1:1 ratio (Figure 1b), when a cosurfactant (Carbitol) was added to the surfactant (Kolliphor EL), the interfacial film was found to be more flexible and fewer liquid crystalline (LC) phases were recorded compared to the Smix 1:0
Summary
The utilization of essential oils as active ingredients in food and pharmaceuticals is gaining massive impetus, both in terms of the increasing attention of consumers regarding active ingredients from natural resources and the increase in the concern regarding the adverse effects produced by synthetic compounds [1,2]. Due to their broad range of bioactivities and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) category status, several researchers have focused on identifying the phytotherapeutic efficacy of various plant-based essential oils in order to develop a safe product. The aim of this research study was to optimize a topical NE-based drug delivery system emphasizing the topical administration of NEO in the management of acne vulgaris. The prepared NEs of NEO were characterized physicochemically and evaluated for physical stability, ex vivo skin permeation, and in vitro antiacne potential
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