Abstract
In this investigation, chromium (Cr) was adopted as an alloying element on a nickel substrate, and the alloying process was materialized via high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also conducted for microstructure characterization. The results showed that after HCPEB irradiation a nanocrystalline Cr-Ni alloying layer was formed and numerous dislocations were generated, resulting in a great deal of diffusion paths for Cr elements. Moreover, properties including hardness, wear and electrochemical performance were significantly improved after HCPEB irradiation, which was mainly due to the formation of the nanocrystalline Cr–Ni alloying layer. In addition, each strengthening mechanism that contributed to the hardness of the HCPEB-irradiated sample was mathematically analyzed, and solid solution strengthening was found to be of great importance.
Highlights
Nickel-based alloys have a unique corrosion resistance [1,2], but they hold several advantages, including high strength, good ductility, and the excellent abilities of smelting, casting, cold- or hot-deformation, forming and welding
With the advancement of high temperature alloys, these alloys have a trend whereby the ratio of refractory metal is increased while the Cr ratio is reduced
Wear test was conducted at room temperature without lubricant on a HT-1000 high temperature ball-on scheme in which a φ6 mm GCr15 ball was kept on the Cr–Ni sample at a 1.5 N load at a 300 RPM speed for 10 min
Summary
Nickel-based alloys have a unique corrosion resistance (even at high temperatures) [1,2], but they hold several advantages, including high strength, good ductility, and the excellent abilities of smelting, casting, cold- or hot-deformation, forming and welding. An alloy’s failures generally begin at the surface of the materials Surface properties such as hardness, wear and corrosion greatly affect the service life of high temperature alloys [5,6,7]. In the current investigation, the feasibility of using HCPEB as a surface-modifying approach was practiced through alloying Cr powder onto Ni substrate
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