Abstract
The diversification of current forms of energy storage and the reduction of fossil fuel consumption are issues of high importance for reducing environmental pollution. Zinc and magnesium are multivalent ions suitable for the development of environmentally friendly rechargeable batteries. Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) are currently being researched as part of electrochemical devices because of the advantages of dispersed fillers. This article aims to review and compile the trends of different types of the latest NCPEs. It briefly summarizes the desirable properties the electrolytes should possess to be considered for later uses. The first section is devoted to NCPEs composed of poly(vinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene). The second section centers its attention on discussing the electrolytes composed of poly(ethylene oxide). The third section reviews the studies of NCPEs based on different synthetic polymers. The fourth section discusses the results of electrolytes based on biopolymers. The addition of nanofillers improves both the mechanical performance and the ionic conductivity; key points to be explored in the production of batteries. These results set an essential path for upcoming studies in the field. These attempts need to be further developed to get practical applications for industry in large-scale polymer-based electrolyte batteries.
Highlights
The results presented until now (Table 1) confirm the enhanced high ionic conductivity present in Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF)-co-HFP nanocomposite polymer electrolytes compared to the Solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) systems and better thermal and mechanical stability compared to liquid systems
Excessive fillers could provoke this in the Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) that may trigger the formation of ion pairs and ion aggregation, such as the non-conducting phase presented as an electrically inert component blocking ion transport
From the analysis presented it could be concluded that the addition of active fillers has shown more promising results for the applicability of NCPEs, than the ones with passive fillers
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Some of the devices that could resolve the disadvantages identified for LIBs are redox flow batteries [11–13] and fuel cells [14–16], as they have no thermal runaway problem, and they are safe and less expensive Among these energy storage options, zinc and magnesium are currently the multivalent ions in the sight of replacing lithium as the most reliable options to develop eco-friendly rechargeable batteries. The recent advances of NCPEs for magnesium and zinc rechargeable batteries are overviewed, with a particular interest in the results regarding their ionic conductivities, electrochemical stabilities, and general performances in battery systems This field continues thriving; still, new aspects of the nanoparticles’ effects on the physicalchemical properties of the polymer electrolytes and their based power sources are ever discovered and need to be discussed to set an outline on future directions and challenges that come with the development of NCPEs for new batteries on worldwide demand. The amorphous phase can serve as the conductive medium
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