Abstract
Gradient-based electrophoretic separations enable simultaneous separation and concentration of molecules. Compared with conventional injection-based separations, they enable enrichment of low-concentration analytes from larger sample volumes that are not limited by an injection volume. We have demonstrated that a nanochannel, connecting two chemically different reservoirs, can maintain a stationary chemical gradient while trapping biomolecules and effectively averaging out many of the complex physicochemical hydrodynamics that would broaden the bands in a meso- or microscale capillary. Here we describe chemical and physical methods that enable this work.
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