Abstract
In the field of industrial wastewater treatment, membrane separation technology, as an emerging separation technology, compared with traditional separation technology such as precipitation, adsorption, and ion exchange, has advantages in separation efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, simple operation, and no secondary pollution. The application has been expanding in recent years, but membrane fouling and other problems have seriously restricted the development of membrane technology. Natural cellulose is one of the most abundant resources in nature. In addition, nanocellulose has characteristics of high strength and specific surface area, surface activity groups, as well as being pollution-free and renewable, giving it a very wide development prospect in many fields, including membrane separation technology. This paper reviews the current status of nanocellulose filtration membrane, combs the widespread types of nanocellulose and its derivatives, and summarizes the current application of cellulose in membrane separation. In addition, for the purpose of nanocellulose filtration membrane in wastewater treatment, nanocellulose membranes are divided into two categories according to the role in filtration membrane: the application of nanocellulose as membrane matrix material and as a modified additive in composite membrane in wastewater treatment. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of inorganic ceramic filtrations and nanocellulose filtrations are compared, and the application trend of nanocellulose in the filtration membrane direction is summarized and discussed.
Highlights
Industrialization, growing population, and rapid urbanization have led to serious water and land pollution [1]
The results showed that the addition of TOCN greatly improved the properties of hydrophilic and mechanical of the filtration membrane, which improves the antifouling performance of the membrane
The synthesis and modification methods of NC membranes are different, no matter if cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF), or bacterial synthesis of nanocellulose (BNC) was transformed into the membrane itself or as their composite material
Summary
Industrialization, growing population, and rapid urbanization have led to serious water and land pollution [1]. Compared with traditional separation technologies of precipitation, adsorption, and ion exchange, membrane separation technology has many advantages [6] such as high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, simple operation, and no secondary pollution; this technology has broad application prospects in removal of radioactive elements and heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater [7,8], and the extraction of rare earth elements from ion-type rare earth smelting wastewater [9]. Plants such as wood are the most abundant renewable materials in nature. How to solve the pollution of the membrane is a direction of further research for scholars
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