Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of miRNA, RNAi, and CRISPR-Cas for Plant Protection: Current Trends and Future Directions

Muhammad Mujtaba,Murali Krishna Paidi,Qasid Ali,Lichen Wang,Rahat Sharif,Anderson Do Espirito Santo Pereira,Sudisha Jogaiah,Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto,Jhones Luiz Oliveira,Lucas Bragança Carvalho,Depeng Wang

doi:10.1021/acsagscitech.1c00146

Abstract

Current trends in plant genetic transformation technologies, i.e., designing and applying molecules like miRNA, RNAi, and CRISPR-Cas, largely enable researchers to target specific sites in the plant genome to avert the growing biotic and abiotic threats to plants. However, the delivery of these molecules through conventional techniques brings an array of drawbacks such as low efficiency due to the cell wall barrier, tissue damage that leads to browning or necrosis, degradation of these biomolecules by physiological conditions (high temperature, harsh pH, and light), and plant-specific protocols. The advancements in nanotechnology offer an excellent alternative for the safe and highly efficient delivery of biomolecules such as miRNA, CRISPR-Cas, and RNAi without damaging the plant tissues. Nanoparticle (polymeric, metallic, magnetic, silica, carbon, etc.)-based delivery of biomolecules can be efficiently utilized especially for plant protection applications. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of current trends (with a focus on the previous five years) in nanoparticle-based delivery of miRNA, RNAi, CRISPR-Cas and simillar biomolecules for plant protection applications. In addition, a future perspective focuses on the research gaps and unexplored potentials of nanoparticles for the delivery of biomolecules.

Highlights

With the increase in the global population, which will exceed 10 billion people by 2050, guaranteeing food security and energy production, in addition to mitigating the impacts already caused, is a major challenge for world leaders.[1]
The system was able to not described potential of 27.2 mV Virginia root cells transfer green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing plasmids in the plant genome, which has been confirmed by fluorescence microscopy size between 100 and Eruca sativa, Nas- The chitosan complex in single-walled carbon nanotubes acts as a stimulus-responsive system for gene delivery in chloroplasts in not described
The results showed that the GFP expression plasmids in roots cells increase, which demonstrated the capacity of this system for gene delivery.[134]

Summary

Introduction

With the increase in the global population, which will exceed 10 billion people by 2050, guaranteeing food security and energy production, in addition to mitigating the impacts already caused, is a major challenge for world leaders.[1].

Results

Conclusion