Abstract
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) implemented the Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) program with excellent results; however, due to current challenges, this active program requires new and innovative solutions. Nowadays, Aedes aegyptis-borne diseases can be added among neglected diseases. Surveillance and control must be considered owing to a great risk of infection with dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. Although investigations on several vaccines are in progress, new insights in term of development of drugs that evade from resistance are of paramount importance. Nanobiotechnology appears as one of the most innovative strategy in the search of new uses for old pharmaceuticals or in the development of innovative and intelligent nanomedicines for neglected diseases. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon dots and carbon nanotubes were the focus of the current advances. In this direction, we have focused this overview on new advances in diagnostic assays as nanobiosensors, antivirus and nanoinsecticides on Aedes aegyptis control.
Highlights
The Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) program, approaches and contributions to drug discovery research and development (R&D) and the optimization of known treatments against infectious diseases of poor people were discussed.[1,2] The current challenges are completely different from those at TDR’s beginning
One of most currently importance is the infection through Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus-borne and, the surveillance and control must be considered due to a great risk of infection with dengue, chikungunya, zika and with yellow fever viruses
Once there is no approved vaccine or antiviral agents against dengue virus, this opens the door for the design of new strategies to combat the infection, and nanobiotechnology appears to be a new feasible alternative
Summary
The Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) program, approaches and contributions to drug discovery research and development (R&D) and the optimization of known treatments against infectious diseases of poor people were discussed.[1,2] The current challenges are completely different from those at TDR’s beginning. One of most currently importance is the infection through Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus-borne and, the surveillance and control must be considered due to a great risk of infection with dengue, chikungunya, zika and with yellow fever viruses. The principal vectors of dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4), chikungunya (CHIKV), yellow fever (YFV) and zika (ZIKV) viruses, transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, are under the concern of Center of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC),[4] USA, and by Brazilian Government.[5]. Deoxynojirimycin and its N-alkylated derivatives (iminosugars) can be effective against DV infection by targeting host cellular factors that are required for viral morphogenesis.[9] Flavonoids, fisetin, quercetin and baicalein, exhibited anti-dengue virus activities (Figure 1).[10]. Several vaccine candidates are in advanced stages of development, no licensed dengue vaccine is available yet, new insights in term of development of drug that evade resistance from resistance are of paramount importance
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