Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is induced by incident light when it interacts with noble metal nanoparticles that have smaller sizes than the wavelength of the incident light. Recently, LSPR-based nanobiosensors were developed as tools for highly sensitive, label-free, and flexible sensing techniques for the detection of biomolecular interactions. In this paper, we describe the basic principles of LSPR-based nanobiosensing techniques and LSPR sensor system for biomolecule sensing. We also discuss the challenges using LSPR nanobiosensors for detection of biomolecules as a biomarker.
Highlights
To establish optimal therapeutic strategies, both obtaining and analyzing molecular information from diseased patients are key activities in clinical and biomedical studies [1]
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is induced by incident light when it interacts with noble metal nanoparticles that have smaller sizes than the wavelength of the incident light
By controlling and tuning the optical behaviors described in the aforementioned physical theories, such as the material, size, shape, and composition of noble metal nanoparticles, the sensitivity of LSPR nanobiosensors may be improved
Summary
To establish optimal therapeutic strategies, both obtaining and analyzing molecular information from diseased patients are key activities in clinical and biomedical studies [1]. Abundant diagnostic methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) [2], western blots [3], and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been reported [4] Nanobiosensors based on LSPR have the following advantages for the detection of biomolecules: (1) high sensitivity via detection of refractive index changes, (2) no labeling requirement because of sensing of spectral shifts, (3) real-time assay accessibility using microfluidic systems, (4) good reproducibility. We will describe how LSPR-based sensors are used to detect molecular interactions, including a description of substrate preparation for LSPR sensing (classified into chemical reaction and lithographic methods) as well as both macroscale and nanoscale detection methods for systemic optical instrumental setup. We will review the applications of LSPR sensors for the detection of disease-related biomolecules as a biomarker
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