Nano-aluminium as Catalyst in Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials

Abstract

Current state of the art propellant and explosive technology relies on the inclusion of nano-metallic fuels such as aluminium nanopowder. Aluminium nanoparticles, a common fuel ingredient in high-energy material developments, can improve the energy density, rate of energy release, ignition, and combustion performance. In this chapter, the catalytic effect of aluminium nanoparticles on thermal decomposition of various high-energy materials is critically reviewed and presented. The combustion behaviour and ballistic performance of these energetic materials are found to be highly modified and influenced by the aluminium nanopowder. The nanoscale aluminium reflects excellent catalytic activity in thermal decomposition of energetic materials with significant reduction in decomposition temperature. The reaction mechanism of aluminium nanoparticles enhancing the decomposition of high-energy materials is detailed.