Nano Zinc Oxide Green-Synthesized from Plumbago auriculata Lam. Alcoholic Extract.

Mina Michael Melk,Seham S El-Hawary,Omar M Ali,Dalia Osama Saleh,Mohamed A El Raey,Nabil Mohamed Selim,Farouk Rasmy Melek

doi:10.3390/plants10112447

Mina Michael Melk, Seham S El-Hawary + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112447

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Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by using an alcoholic extract of the flowering aerial parts of Plumbago auriculata Lam. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) revealed that the average size of synthesized ZnO NPs was 10.58 ± 3.350 nm and the zeta potential was −19.6 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the particle size was in the range from 5.08 to 6.56 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the existence of pure hexagonal shaped crystals of ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 35.34 nm in the sample, which is similar to the particle size analysis acquired by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (38.29 ± 6.88 nm). HPLC analysis of the phenolic ingredients present in the plant extract showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and catechin were found as major compounds at concentrations of 1720.26, 1600.42, and 840.20 µg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of ZnO NPs and the plant extract against avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B were also investigated. This assessment revealed that the uncalcinated form of Nano-ZnO mediated by P. auriculata Lam. extract possessed a significant antiviral activity with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 52.48 ± 1.57 and 42.67 ± 4.08 µg/mL, respectively, while the inhibition percentage (IP) was 99% and the selectivity index (SI) was 1.23.

Highlights

Utilization of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) for various applications, and consideration of environmental aspects has stimulated demand for synthesizing them via green chemistry approaches
HPLC investigation revealed the occurrence of sixteen compounds in the alcoholic extract of flowering aerial parts of P. auriculata Lam
By reviewing the current literature, this is the first analysis for identification of phenolic compounds in P. auriculata by using HPLC methodology (Figures 1 and 2)

Summary

Introduction

Utilization of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) for various applications, and consideration of environmental aspects has stimulated demand for synthesizing them via green chemistry approaches. Many bioactive constituents of plants such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, enzymes, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and glycosides could be responsible for bio reduction, creation and preservation of metal nanoparticles [1]. Plumbago auriculata Lam. is a shrub native to South Africa and successfully acclimatized in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This plant is referred to as Cape Leadwort or Cape Plumbago because it is abundant in the Cape districts of South Africa. P. auriculata has been recognized as a medicinal plant as it possesses numerous potent bioactive constituents such as α-amyrin, α-amyrin acetate, capensisone, isoshinanolene, β-sitosterol, plumbagin, isoshinanolone, diomuscinone, diomuscinone, and β-sitosterol-3-β-glucoside [2]

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