Nano vaccines and nano materials for vaccines

Abstract

<p indent=0mm>Vaccines are important biological treatment strategies for effectively preventing or curing a variety of diseases, and are key means to curb the spread of new diseases such as the new coronavirus pneumonia. Compared with conventional vaccines, nano materials-based vaccines have obvious advantages such as high antigen loading and targeting efficiency, low toxicity, and diverse administration methods. In the past decade, research on nanovaccines has received increasing attention, especially more and more nanovaccines with potential applications are emerging. Nano vaccines can be classified into anti-viral nano vaccines, anti-tumor nano vaccines, anti-bacterial nano vaccines and so on. Recently, more and more nanomaterials have been reported to be applicable in preparation of nano vaccines, including organic polymer nanomaterials, lipid nanomaterials, natural nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, etc. Some of these nanomaterials exhibit excellent functions, not only as a carrier for antigens, but also as immune adjuvants. In this review, we have summarized the research status of nano vaccines, focusing on analyzing different design schemes and effects of nano vaccines. In addition, we summarized the characteristics of commonly used nano materials for vaccines is summarized and perspective for the development of novel nano vaccines is prospected. This article will provide a basis for using nano vaccines to prevent or treat various new infectious diseases, including new coronaviruses, and help accelerate the discovery of new vaccines.