Abstract
Environmental contamination and the tolerance developed by the pests, pathogens are some of the environmental issues related to the aimless utilization of chemical pesticides. It has became matter of serious concern for environment, food quality and soil health. Nanotechnology, envisaged as a swiftly emerging field has capability to reform food systems in agriculture. Nanotechnology provides an imperishable solution to these problems by the establishment of nano-pesticides. The functional components or the conveyor molecules used are of nano size. The performance of these nano sized particles is much better the traditional pesticides, as the smaller size aids in proper spreading on the pest surface. Amelioration in solubility of operational components, betterment in stability of formulation, gradual liberation of operational components and enhancement in mobility are some of the paramount advantages of nano particles attributed to the minute size of particles and greater surface area. Thus, nano particles have strengthened activity against target pests in comparison to bulk materials. Furthermore, nano-formulations sustain productive use in agriculture by offering systemic properties, uniform leaf coverage and enhanced soil properties. Despite all the positive aspects, it might have certain negative effects as well, like exposure of humans through distinct routes Viz, exposure to nano pesticides either directly or indirectly like adsorption through skin, or inhalation while breathing air or transfer from one energy level to another by taking contaminated food and water.
Highlights
Pest management is still greatly dependent on the utilization of pesticides, through the application of organic chemical originated components on crops, products and urban habitat, regardless of divergent alternative methods available
In order to lessen the utilization of neurotoxic compounds, various novel products have been launched during recent times in the market, which include insect killing agents like, destroying agents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or controlling agents of insect growth, in spite of this environmental affect is a matter of great concern
Utilizing nanomaterials as active agents to develop novel nanopesticide formulations. Using these nanomaterials as nanocarriers for pesticide delivery [2–4]. This nanopesticide research is comprehensive and is believed to address the major drawbacks of the existing pest management strategies and comes up with new advanced nano-based formulations that stay stable and active, that is not influenced by sun, heat, and rain in the target environment, enter the target organism, resist defense of the pest, remain amiable to plants and mammals, formulation and manufacture is lucrative, and ideally possess a new-fangled approach of action [2, 5, 6]
Summary
Pest management is still greatly dependent on the utilization of pesticides, through the application of organic chemical originated components on crops, products and urban habitat, regardless of divergent alternative methods available. Along with amplified tolerance rate developed by insects species to currently used products, the aforesaid concerns have became fundamental challenges in agriculture, and may significantly restrict the beneficial active compounds To tackle this trouble, there is need of novel pest control strategies for pest management through the initiation of novel ideas related to pest tolerance and advancement in technologies. Using these nanomaterials as nanocarriers for pesticide delivery [2–4] This nanopesticide research is comprehensive and is believed to address the major drawbacks of the existing pest management strategies and comes up with new advanced nano-based formulations that stay stable and active, that is not influenced by sun, heat, and rain in the target environment, enter the target organism (insect), resist defense of the pest, remain amiable to plants and mammals, formulation and manufacture is lucrative, and ideally possess a new-fangled approach of action [2, 5, 6]. Utility of NPs as nano carriers, and use of solid NPs as operative agents
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