Abstract
Nano-medicines that include nanoparticles, nanocomposites, small molecules, and exosomes represent new viable sources for future therapies for the dysfunction of cardiovascular system, as well as the other important organ systems. Nanomaterials possess special properties ranging from their intrinsic physicochemical properties, surface energy and surface topographies which can illicit advantageous cellular responses within the cardiovascular system, making them exceptionally valuable in future clinical translation applications. The success of nano-medicines as future cardiovascular theranostic agents requires a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between nanomaterial and the biomedical fields. In this review, we highlight some of the major types of nano-medicine systems that are currently being explored in the cardiac field. This review focusses on the major differences between the systems, and how these differences affect the specific therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The important concerns relevant to cardiac nano-medicines, including cellular responses, toxicity of the different nanomaterials, as well as cardio-protective and regenerative capabilities are discussed. In this review an overview of the current development of nano-medicines specific to the cardiac field is provided, discussing the diverse nature and applications of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Highlights
Nano-medicines have shown great promise various cardiac applications due to their unique and characteristic properties
Contains carbons and hydrogens (-CH-) groups Covalent bonds Examples include: No (-CH-) groups Ionic and covalent bonds Examples include: In this review, we highlight some of the major types of nanomedicine systems that are currently being explored in the cardiac field
This review provides an overview of the current development of nano-medicines being developed for use in the cardiac field, while displaying the diverse nature and applications of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic agents
Summary
Nano-medicines have shown great promise various cardiac applications due to their unique and characteristic properties. Nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential for cardiovascular medicine applications due to their ability to be utilized for multiple purposes. Nanostructured surfaces have the ability to, via topographical cues, control and selectively direct cell activities (Park et al, 2007; Brammer et al, 2008; Oh et al, 2009; Pan et al, 2012). This ability to selectively guide cellular activity is one that can be very useful in engineered approaches to where the activity of one cell type needs to be suppressed, while the activity of another cell type needs to be promoted. By coating a coronary stent with the proper nanostructured surface could potentially suppress the growth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), while encouraging the attachment and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) (Serruys et al, 2006)
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