Nano-Hydroxyapatite as a Delivery System for Promoting Bone Regeneration In Vivo: A Systematic Review.

Anis Syauqina Mohd Zaffarin,Shiow-Fern Ng,Ekram Alias,Min Hwei Ng,Haniza Hassan

doi:10.3390/nano11102569

Anis Syauqina Mohd Zaffarin, Shiow-Fern Ng + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102569

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Abstract

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) has been widely used as an orthopedic biomaterial and vehicle for drug delivery owing to its chemical and structural similarity to bone minerals. Several studies have demonstrated that nHA based biomaterials have a potential effect for bone regeneration with very minimal to no toxicity or inflammatory response. This systematic review aims to provide an appraisal of the effectiveness of nHA as a delivery system for bone regeneration and whether the conjugation of proteins, antibiotics, or other bioactive molecules to the nHA further enhances osteogenesis in vivo. Out of 282 articles obtained from the literature search, only 14 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. These studies showed that nHA was able to induce bone regeneration in various animal models with large or critical-sized bone defects, open fracture, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis. The conjugations of drugs or bioactive molecules such as bone-morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vancomycin, calcitriol, dexamethasone, and cisplatin were able to enhance the osteogenic property of nHA. Thus, nHA is a promising delivery system for a variety of compounds in promoting bone regeneration in vivo.

Highlights

IntroductionHydroxyapatite (HA) is a member of the apatite family (composed of calcium and phosphates) with a chemical formula Ca10 (PO4 ) (OH)
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a member of the apatite family with a chemical formula Ca10 (PO4 )6 (OH)2
Several studies included in this review demonstrated that the conjugation of bone-morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) with nHA scaffolds or hydrogel systems resulted in an increased and accelerated bone regeneration process

Summary

Introduction

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a member of the apatite family (composed of calcium and phosphates) with a chemical formula Ca10 (PO4 ) (OH). Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a member of the apatite family (composed of calcium and phosphates) with a chemical formula Ca10 (PO4 ) (OH)2 It can be found naturally occurring in biological sources such as mammalian bones (e.g., bovine), marine sources (e.g., fish bones or scales), shells (e.g., seashells and eggshells), plants and algae, and minerals such as limestone [1]. A review by Sadat-Shojai et al (2013) [2] has classified the methods employed in HA synthesis into five groups: wet methods, dry methods, high-temperature processes, extraction from natural sources, and a combination of these procedures. Wet methods offer advantages over the other methods; wet methods employ lower temperature and allow control of the morphology and particle size of HA during fabrication. The chemical precipitation technique is the most frequently used because it is the easiest and most cost-effective [2]

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