Abstract
Electronic devices that are low in cost and capable of working without an external power supply are desirable for many applications. Conventional electronic circuits are based on semiconductors and the controlled transport of electrons and holes by electric field manipulation, diffusion, and injection. We describe electronic circuits based on the flow of femtoliter quantities of an electrolyte controlled by the lateral self-oxidation of a nanoscale aluminum film. The circuits provide basic functions such as clocks, electrical switches, pseudo transistors and display elements. The elements operate in a self-consuming mode and therefore do not require external power. They operate slowly over long periods of time and can form the basis of smart systems, smart labels, and many other applications.
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