Abstract
Spray drying method was used to prepare cocrystals of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX). Raw materials and cocrystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Impact and friction sensitivity of cocrystals were tested and analyzed. Results show that, after preparation by spray drying method, microparticles were spherical in shape and 0.5–5 µm in size. Particles formed aggregates of numerous tiny plate-like cocrystals, whereas CL-20/HMX cocrystals had thicknesses of below 100 nm. Cocrystals were formed by C–H⋯O bonding between –NO2 (CL-20) and –CH2– (HMX). Nanococrystal explosives exhibited drop height of 47.3 cm, and friction demonstrated explosion probability of 64%. Compared with raw HMX, cocrystals displayed significantly reduced mechanical sensitivity.
Highlights
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) are usually used in high explosives and some propellants [1,2,3]
The present study investigated in detail morphology, size, thermal decomposition properties, impact sensitivity, and friction sensitivity of nanococrystals
Result suggests that nano-CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive is difficult to detonate under impact and friction conditions
Summary
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) are usually used in high explosives and some propellants [1,2,3]. Liu et al [6] studied pressure-induced effects in CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive by density functional theory with dispersion corrections. Through molecular dynamics method and with CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive as main ingredient, poly(ester urethane) (Estane 5703) as block copolymer, and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as binder, two polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) were explored by Sun et al [7]. Gao et al [16] prepared synthesized nano-CL-20/HMX cocrystals by ultrasonic spray-assisted electrostatic adsorption. In our previous studies [20, 21], spray drying method was employed to prepare ultrafine CL-20/TNT and nano-HMX/TNT cocrystals with low sensitivity. To obtain CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive with low mechanical sensitivity, nano-CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive was prepared by spray drying method. The present study investigated in detail morphology, size, thermal decomposition properties, impact sensitivity, and friction sensitivity of nanococrystals
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