Nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite precipitation from abalone shell (Haliotis asinina) waste as the bioceramics candidate for bone tissue engineering

Hestining A Permatasari,Aminatun Aminatun,Mona Sari,Kiagus Dahlan,Yusril Yusuf,Tri Suciati

doi:10.1177/18479804211032851

Abstract

In this study, nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite (n-CHAp) was successfully synthesized with abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) as the calcium source using precipitation methods with aging time variations, namely, 0 (without the aging process), 24, and 48 h. Based on an analysis of X-ray diffraction characterization, the spectrum of the n-CHAp is shown for all sample variations in aging time. The results of the calculation of lattice parameter values confirm that the phase formed is the B-type CHAp phase with the increasing crystallinity degree, crystallite size, particle size, and polydispersity which is confirmed by the presence of the CO32- functional group at 1438 cm−1 and 878 cm−1, that is, the B-type carbonate substitution characteristic. The presence of the carbonate ions identified as smaller during the extension of aging time causes the decreasing value of the Ca/P mole ratio but still has a value greater than the HAp Ca/P value (1.67), which is 1.80–1.72. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the nanometer-size of B-type CHAp particles was successfully obtained. According to the criteria for nanostructures, crystallographic properties, carbonate content, and chemical processes, B-type CHAp samples based on abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) are one of the candidates in bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications.

Highlights

The main mineral phases in human bones and teeth as identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing have an apatite structure in the form of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2).[1]
Based on the data analysis, the formation of the XRD spectrum shows the characteristic of the nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite (n-carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAp)), with the shift in the HAp diffraction angle due to the substitution of carbonate ions for all samples with variations in aging time
The calculation of lattice parameter values and identification of functional groups demonstrate the characteristic of B-type CHAp, with the increased crystallite size and crystallinity degree

Summary

Introduction

The main mineral phases in human bones and teeth as identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing have an apatite structure in the form of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2).[1]. The context of developing bioceramics–apatite that has similar characteristics to natural bone and teeth for the content of their forming ions using hydroxyapatite (HAp) with substituted carbonate ions can be called carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAp)

Methods

Results

Conclusion