Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized key areas of environmental sciences, including biological and physical sciences. Nanoscience is useful in interconnecting these sciences to find new hybrid avenues targeted at improving daily life. Pharmaceuticals, regenerative medicine, and stem cell research are among the prominent segments of biological sciences that will be improved by nanostructure innovations. The present review was written to present a comprehensive insight into various emerging nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, hybrid nanostructures, and nanoscaffolds, that have been useful in mice for ocular tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, the current status, future perspectives, and challenges of nanotechnology in tracking cells or nanostructures in the eye and their use in modified regenerative ophthalmology mechanisms have also been proposed and discussed in detail. In the present review, various research findings on the use of nano-biomaterials in retinal regeneration and retinal remediation are presented, and these findings might be useful for future clinical applications.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging tools used to design regenerative medicine approaches that can target specific organs or cells in humans
Studies have shown that biohybrid nanoscaffolds are well tolerated without any adverse inflammatory reaction in the retina [83], but there is a need to characterize the various components of biohybrid nanoscaffolds for their reproducibility
Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that unlike flat gallium phosphide substrate, gallium phosphide nanowires provided a better attachment for neurons to extend and form branched neurites. These results indicate that gallium phosphide nanowires exhibit excellent substrate properties for retinal cells compared to short nanowires and flat controls [61]
Summary
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging tools used to design regenerative medicine approaches that can target specific organs or cells in humans. The posterior segment of the eye has several anatomic and dynamic protective barriers, made up of the tight junctions present in the ciliary body epithelium, endothelial cells of the iris, retinal pigment epithelium, and the retina (Figure 1). Nanomedicine approaches to the have regeneration of tissues focused on using certified functional nanomaterials. The comorgans with various nanomaterials, such as nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires (NWs), and patibility of biological organs with various such as nanoparticles (NPs), hybrid nanostructures, enhanced the probability of their usethe in biomedical nanowires (NWs), and has hybrid nanostructures, has enhanced probabilityapplications, of their use especially in retinal regeneration Nanomaterials useful forfor various retinal applications, where theirtheir functional sigsignificance relies on their material properties. (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA), polyimide, and poly (l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)
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