Abstract
The current study reports a facile simple, low-cost electrochemical sensor in the detection of nitrofurantoin (NFT) by using NiFe/f-MWCNT hybrid composite as a promising electrocatalyst. NFT is an antibiotic drug that is extensively using in pharmaceuticals and also in animal food production which causes a severe threat for both human and animal environments. Extending the residues of NFT are left into rivers, soils, lakes, and groundwaters either found or discharged leading health issues. To this NiFe/f-MWCNT composite was synthesized using a hydrothermal mechanism and then ultrasonicated to form a hybrid composite for catalytic evaluation and electrochemical detection of NFT for the very first time. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of NiFe nanospheres conjugated on f-MWCNT are scrutinized using various analytical and spectroscopical techniques. Resulting transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displays a chain like NiFe nanospheres anchored on f-MWCNT with a well-defined spherical shape, without any comprehensive agglomeration. The NiFe/f-MWCNT screen printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE) displayed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for NFT with a LOD of 0.03 µM and a sensitivity of 11.45 µA µM−1 cm−2. establishing a new selectivity and with the existence of co-interfering compounds. To enhance the practical abilities analysis were performed in Human serum and urine samples which resulted in satisfactory recoveries with high precision and linear accuracy illustrated in Scheme 1.
Highlights
Abstract illustration of NiFe anchored on f-Multi wall-carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a hybrid composite for electrochemical detection of NFT biological samples
In order to overcome these drawbacks, the 3d-transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Co are being explored as an electrocatalyst as these metals are abundant and non-toxic in nature, as well as cost-effective enriched with electron c apacity[24]
We have prepared a NiFe/functionalization of MWCNTs (f-MWCNT) hybrid composite using a facile and simple one-pot hydrothermal reaction in preparation of NiFe nanospheres anchored on f-MWCNTs for sensing of urinary anti-microbial drug NFT using screen printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE)
Summary
To investigate a comprehensive structural analysis on NiFe-f-MWCNT hybrid composite, TEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR has been carried out. In comparison with bare SPCE as of absence of NFT, no peak is observed to NiFe/f-MWCNT/ SPCE modified electrode It is satisfied the proposed electrode has a good electrochemical response and electron transfer rate with the as per prepared composite in the reduction of NFT. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is considered as one of the finest methods to detect due to its high sensitivity and better electrochemical resolution techniques when compared to CV studies In this aspect, DPV analysis is chosen in this study for NFT determination on NiFe/f-MWCNT/SPCE modified electrode. Linear range (μM) 0.1–1,331 2–25 mg L−1 0.497–5.66 0.1–20 0.004–308 0–342.6 0.1–352.4
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