Name Entity Recognition with Policy-Value Networks

Abstract

In this paper we propose a novel reinforcement learning based model for named entity recognition (NER), referred to as MM-NER. Inspired by the methodology of the AlphaGo Zero, MM-NER formalizes the problem of named entity recognition with a Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) enhanced Markov decision process (MDP) model, in which the time steps correspond to the positions of words in a sentence from left to right, and each action corresponds to assign an NER tag to a word. Two Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) are used to summarize the past tag assignments and words in the sentence. Based on the outputs of GRUs, the policy for guiding the tag assignment and the value for predicting the whole tagging accuracy of the whole sentence are produced. The policy and value are then strengthened with MCTS, which takes the produced raw policy and value as inputs, simulates and evaluates the possible tag assignments at the subsequent positions, and outputs a better search policy for assigning tags. A reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to train the model parameters. Empirically, we show that MM-NER can accurately predict the tags thanks to the exploratory decision making mechanism introduced by MCTS. It outperformed the conventional sequence tagging baselines and performed equally well with the state-of-the-art baseline BLSTM-CRF.