Nail penetration test for determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rock

Abstract

We offer a new and practical index test method, the nail penetration test (NPT), to estimate the UCS of intact rocks, to be used as alternative to the point load test (PLT) or Schmidt rebound hammer test (SRH). The major tools used in the investigation include a gasnailer with 130 J power and its nails ranging from 25 to 60 mm in length. The study material covers 65 rock blocks of gypsum, tuff, ignimbrite, andesite, sandstone, limestone, and marble. For the NPT, five nail shots were performed on each block sample and the average value was obtained. Two to three uniaxial compression tests were carried out on each specimen. Ten impacts were applied on rock blocks by using both the L- and N-types of SRH. Regarding the PLT, either 10 axial or 10 block tests was applied on each rock type. The average nail penetration depths were correlated with the UCS, I S (50) and rebound number for both types of the SRH. Also, the measured UCS values were compared with those obtained from the empirical relationships using the data from the NPT, PLT, and SRH. It was found that the NPT provides better estimates for UCS than the PLT or SRH. Particularly applicable to weak to very weak rocks, the NPT is capable of indirectly estimating the UCS of intact rocks up to 100 MPa. The test is proposed for use in mainly in situ applications.