Abstract
The nail plate is the final product of proliferation and differentiation of nail matrix keratinocytes. It emerges from underneath the proximal nail fold and grows distally at a median speed of 1–3 mm/month. The nail plate is firmly attached to the nail bed and detaches at the hyponychium, a small transverse band of epithelium that is in continuity with the pulp. Laterally, it is lined by the lateral nail folds. Each nail constituent has a role in production and growth of a healthy nail plate and if damaged produces typical nail symptoms: nail matrix damage will impair nail plate appearance and growth and nail bed and hyponychium damage with impair nail plate adhesion to the underlying tissues.
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