Abstract
Halophytes have been studied as a model for morphological traits of adaptation to saline environments. However, little information has been given on plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence responses, and change of ion content in halophytes grown in an aniline–salinity coexistent environment. This study hypothesized that aniline could induce alterations in plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion content in Suaeda salsa, but salinity could promote the tolerance of halophytes to aniline. A 6 (aniline) × 3 (NaCl) factorial experiment (for a total of 18 treatments) was conducted to test the above hypothesis. After 30 d of cultivation, roots and shoots were harvested separately to analyze the effects of salinity on the seedling growth under aniline stress. Biomass accumulation was inhibited by aniline treatment, and the inhibition was significantly alleviated by 200 mM NaCl. The change in chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves with aniline stress was moderated by the addition of NaCl. The removal efficiency of aniline was significantly enhanced by moderate salinity. Aniline stress decreased the accumulation of Mg2+, but various concentrations of NaCl increased the accumulation of Mg2+, especially with 200 mM NaCl in both roots and shoots. Both aniline and salinity decreased the content of Ca2+. There was a negative correlation between the K+ and NaCl concentrations and between the Cl− and aniline concentrations. Our results indicated that Suaeda salsa may be suitable for the remediation of salinity and aniline-enriched wastewater.
Highlights
Aniline (C6H5NH2) is an important intermediate in the organic and fine chemical industry [1]
With the application of 200 mM NaCl, the ratio of Chl a/b increased by 8.2% and 13.4%, turenadtmere6natsn.dW8itmhgth·Le−1a, prepslpiceacttiiovneloyf, 2co00mmpaMreNd awCitlh, tthheartaotfiothoef aCnhilina/ebtirnecartemaesendtn. d 13.4%, 1au3nn.i4dli%enr,eu6trnaednaedtrm86emanntgsd·.L8W−1m,itrhge·sLtph−ee1c,atirpvepespllyiec,cacttoiivomenlpyoa,frce2od0m0wpmaitrMhedtNhwaatiCtohlf, tthhee that arantiiloinoeftCrehaltma/benint c(rFeigasuerde 3bcy).8.2% and of the aniline treatment (Figure 3c)
The results indicated that aniline stress inhibited Mg2+ accumulation in S. salsa and the supply of NaCl alleviated the inhibition of the Mg2+ concentration caused by aniline
Summary
Aniline (C6H5NH2) is an important intermediate in the organic and fine chemical industry [1] It is typically used for biochemical treatment of azo dye wastewater containing benzidine [2]. Nearly 10% of dyestuffs in printing and dyeing wastewater are discharged into the environment as effluent after dying and processing [12] They contain a large amount of salts and affect the well-being of aquatic ecosystems [13,14]. High concentrations of aniline in printing and dyeing wastewater resources may have a potentially adverse influence on the growth of S. salsa. This research provides a scientific basis for the evaluation of the toxic effects of aniline on halophytes, and a technical reference for the adaptive strategy and mechanism of wastewater polluted by aniline and salinity
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