Abstract
Titanium nanotubes have attractive morphological and physicochemical properties for several applications, such as high surface area, mesoporous structure, good stability, ion exchange capacity, and antibacterial property. Therefore, the field of nanotube applications is increasingly expanding, such as in solar cells sensitized by dye, photocatalysis, and antibacterial activity, among others. Therefore, a study of the antibacterial properties of sodium titanate nanotubes (Na-TiNTs) was carried out together with physicochemical characterizations, such as Raman spectroscopy which shows a peak characteristic of Na-O-Ti from nanotube-agglomerated regions. The XRD diffractogram confirmed the Raman spectra and evidenced the crystalline structure associated to Na-TiNT, which showed the characteristic peaks of the sodium trititanate crystal. SEM and TEM images showed the morphology of hollow nanotubes and forming semispherical particles. EDS shows the percentage values of each of the compounds in the Na-TiNT. The bacterial activity of the Na-TiNT was analyzed in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Na-TiNT modified the activity of the gentamicin and norfloxacin antibiotics against multiresistant strains. Synergistic effects against Gram-positive S. aureus 10 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa 15 bacteria were observed when the Na-TiNT was associated with gentamicin, reducing the concentration of this antibiotic that is required to inhibit bacterial growth. Another synergic effect was observed for S. aureus 10 with norfloxacin.
Highlights
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health problem that continues to expand as microorganisms adapt to commonly used drugs. us, it is of paramount importance that new types of antimicrobial agents are discovered [1].ere are several strategies to combat the antibiotic resistance
MOFbased photosensitive hydrogel can trap bacteria through the action of electrostatic adsorption, and the subsequent hyperthermia produced by Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) under NIR light can kill bacteria
Finding cheaper nanoparticles with significant germicidal effects would be very important for pharmacology and medical science [7]. us, various transition metal oxides have been tested as an inhibitor of antibacterial activities [8,9,10,11]
Summary
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health problem that continues to expand as microorganisms adapt to commonly used drugs. us, it is of paramount importance that new types of antimicrobial agents are discovered [1]. Prussian blue nanoparticles with porphyrin MOF (PB-PCN-224) when irradiated with 660 nm red light showed efficient antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm For this reason, the discovery of new synthetic compounds or isolates from natural sources, which can be used alone or in coadministration with an antibiotic, is an important objective [2]. Research studies have indicated that silver and copper nanoparticles possess antibacterial effects on various microorganisms, e.g., E. coli [3,4,5,6], S. aureus [3,4,6], B. subtilis [3], yeast [4], and P. aeruginosa [6] These metals, such as gold, do not appear to be potential antibiotic candidates due to their high cost. Titanium oxide has already been studied and reported previously for its photocatalytic properties; such a characteristic is focused in this work for the study and antibacterial applications when titanium oxide is doped with metal salts, sodium, Na-TiNT, which is an innovative application for nanomaterials of this type
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