Abstract
铝电解槽炭渣是铝工业冶炼生产过程中产生的一种危险废物。炭渣的大量堆存,在浪费电解质资源的同时,也会造成大气、土壤以及水体的污染。本试验以炭渣为原料,Na2CO3为添加料,对炭渣的焙烧−水浸工艺回收炭粉和冰晶石的可行性与过程进行了研究。试验结果表明,将质量比为2.5∶1的Na2CO3与炭渣混合后置于坩埚电阻炉中,在950 ℃下焙烧2 h,炭渣中氧化铝、冰晶石和亚冰晶石被Na2CO3消耗,焙烧后混合料由C、Na2CO3、NaF、NaAlO2组成。焙烧后混合料在pH为13、浸出温度为25 ℃的条件下浸出1 h,固液分离后的浸出渣经过水洗、烘干后得到炭粉,其纯度可达89%。利用碳酸化法回收浸出液中F−,可获得主成分合格的粉状冰晶石。适当地提高焙烧温度和延长保温时间可提高炭和电解质的分离效率。研究经济而有效的炭渣处理方法,不仅可以解决炭渣带来的环境污染问题,还对社会的可持续发展产生深远影响。
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