N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a potential follow-up biomarker of mandibular advancement device efficacy on cardiac function in obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

Interrelationships between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases are now recognized, but some underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain controversial. Circulating cardiac biomarkers are diagnostic tools that can help understand them, in particular the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of myocardial stretch, and a potential indicator of subclinical cardiac stress in OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first-line treatment of moderate to severe OSA, may be considered as uncomfortable, resulting in poor adherence, and reduced effectiveness. In this case, mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are an effective alternative therapy, more comfortable, and generally well accepted, with higher compliance. To date, few studies have compared the cardiovascular effects of CPAP and MAD. From recent literature reviews, it emerges that both therapies are effective in blood pressure reduction. However, the effects of MAD on other cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting, in particular as regards to its impact on circulating cardiac biomarkers. In a recent ancillary study from a randomized controlled trial, Recoquillon et al concluded that two months of MAD treatment had no effect on NT-proBNP plasma levels in patients with severe OSA. The present discussion analyses this result from a biological, statistical, and analytical standpoint, in light of results from other studies evaluating natriuretic peptides in MAD-treated OSA, with the aim to support further longitudinal studies designed with a high methodological quality.