Abstract
Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the majority of which are toxic and carcinogenic and pose serious threats to human health and the environment, provides diverse environmental data from industrial and biological processes. In this study, a sensor for the detection of refractive index (RI) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) vapors was developed by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Ti3C2 MXene/TiO2 hybrid materials onto a U-shaped evanescent optical fiber (UOFEs). UOFEs coated with PAN/Ti3C2 MXene/TiO2 films exhibited a 7-fold increase in RI sensitivity, with a maximum RI response value of 540 %/RI unit when compared to bare fibers. The UOFEs exhibited a limit of detection for DMF in the gas of 5.33 ppm at 25 °C. The proposed sensor works on the principle that DMF, which has a high RI, binds to PAN, which is rich in binding sites, via high compatibility and strong dipole–dipole interactions, increasing the RI of the films.
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