Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the progression of many disorders, such as tumors, arthritis, gastritis, and atherosclerosis. Thus, the development of new agents targeting inflammation is still challenging. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to treat various diseases including inflammation. A previous study has indicated that dichloromethane extract of P. lanceolata leaves exerts anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro model. Here, we examined the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a n-hexane insoluble fraction of P. lanceolata leaves dichloromethane extract (HIFPL). We first evaluated its potency to reduce paw edema induced by carrageenan, and the expression of the proinflammatory enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, in mice. The efficacy of HIFPL to inhibit COX-2 was also evaluated in an in vitro enzymatic assay. We further studied the effect of HIFPL on leukocytes migration in mice induced by thioglycollate. The level of chemokines facilitating the migration of leukocytes was also measured. We found that HIFPL (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities in mice. The HIFPL reduced the volume of paw edema and COX-2 expression. However, HIFPL acts as an unselective COX-2 inhibitor as it inhibited COX-1 with a slightly higher potency. Interestingly, HIFPL strongly inhibited leukocyte migration by reducing the level of chemokines, Interleukine-8 (IL-8) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
Highlights
Inflammation is a biological process disrupting tissue homeostasis that involves the accumulation and recruitment of blood-derived products into perturbed tissue and induces vasodilatation, vascular permeability and augmented blood flow [1]
The second in vivo experiment model utilized mice induced by thioglycollate to evaluate the effect of HIFPL on the leukocytes’ migration and chemokines level
HIFPL was able to reduce the edema volume compared to that of the solvent-treated group (Figure 1) in a dose-dependent manner. This result indicates that HIFPL exerts anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (IC50 : 21.76 mg/kg)
Summary
Inflammation is a biological process disrupting tissue homeostasis that involves the accumulation and recruitment of blood-derived products (leukocytes, fluid, plasma protein) into perturbed tissue and induces vasodilatation, vascular permeability and augmented blood flow [1]. Inflammation is related with various pathological conditions such as arthritis, cancer, sepsis, metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases [2,3]. Corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are available in clinical practices. These drugs remain the common choice to cure inflammatory diseases. Severe side effects and lack of potency in reducing.
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