N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons.

Abstract

Stable N-heterocyclic carbene analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin hydrocarbons, [(IPr)(C6 H4 )(IPr)] and [(IPr)(C6 H4 )2 (IPr)] (4 and 5, respectively; IPr=C{N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )}2 CHCH), are reported. In a nickel-catalyzed double carbenylation of 1,4-Br2 C6 H4 and 4,4'-Br2 (C6 H4 )2 with IPr (1), [(IPr)(C6 H4 )(IPr)](Br)2 (2) and [(IPr)(C6 H4 )2 (IPr)](Br)2 (3) were generated, which respectively afforded 4 and 5 as crystalline solids upon reduction with KC8 . Experimental and computational studies support the semiquinoidal nature of 5 with a small singlet-triplet energy gap ΔES-T of 10.7 kcal mol-1 , whereas 4 features more quinoidal character with a rather large ΔES-T of 25.6 kcal mol-1 . In view of the low ΔES-T , 4 and 5 may be described as biradicaloids. Moreover, 5 has considerable (41 %) diradical character.