Abstract
Current demand for new protective materials ensuring sterility is systematically growing. The purpose of this work was the synthesis of the biocidal N-halamine hydantoin-containing chitosan (CS-CMH-Cl) and characterization of its properties. The functionalization of the chitosan by 5-hydantoinacetic acid substitution leads to obtaining the CS-CMH polymer, which was chlorinated in next step to transform N-H into N-Cl bonds. In this study, the possibility of forming two biocidal N-Cl bonds in hydantoin ring, grafted onto chitosan chains, was proved. The structure and stability of the prepared material was confirmed by spectroscopic (FTIR, NMR, colorimetric test) and microscopic analyses (SEM, AFM). Surface properties were investigated based on contact-angle measurements. In addition, the thermal and photochemical stability of the obtained samples were determined as functional features, determining the range of potential use. It was found that both modified chitosan polymers (CS-CMH and CS-CMH-Cl) were characterized by the smaller thermal stability and more hydrophilic and rougher surface than unmodified CS. Photooxidative degradation of the obtained materials was observed mainly on the sample surface. After irradiation, the surfaces became more hydrophilic—especially in the case of the CS-CMH-Cl—which is advantageous from the point of view of the antibacterial properties. Antibacterial tests against S. aureus and E. coli confirmed the antibacterial activities of received CS-CMH-Cl material.
Highlights
There have been great expectations related to current challenges connected with polymers of natural origin, both animal and plant [1]
The chitosan was used for the synthesis of the new N-halamine materials containing hydantoin rings
Depending on the sample roughness, the movement common method used for surface imaging
Summary
There have been great expectations related to current challenges connected with polymers of natural origin, both animal and plant [1] Such biopolymers include polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, proteins, alginates, cellulose, pectin) that are already used in many industries today, still on a low scale. The undoubted advantages of these renewable raw materials are availability, low production cost, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity and occurrence in various morphologic forms (e.g., films, fibers, powders, hydrogels, microcapsules or nanoparticles/nanofibers). They can be relatively modified due to the presence of functional groups in the repeating units in processes such as substitution, esterification, oxidation, cross-linking. The biologic activity of some of them (including biocidal properties, cell recognition and interactions) must be added to the advantages of natural polymers
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