Abstract
Currently, diagnosing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge. Thus, there is a need to find rapid, simple, and reliable analytical methods that can detect the disease at an early stage. The aim of this work was to shed light on the importance of sample collection options, sample preparation conditions, and the applied capillary electrophoresis bioanalytical technique, for a high-resolution determination of the N-glycan profile in human blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To achieve the profile information of these complex oligosaccharides, linked by asparagine to hIgG in the blood, the glycoproteins of the samples needed to be cleaved, labelled, and purified with sufficient yield and selectivity. The resulting samples were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, with laser-induced fluorescence detection. After separation parameter optimization, the capillary electrophoresis technique was implemented for efficient N-glycan profiling of whole blood samples from the diabetic patients. Our results revealed that there were subtle differences between the N-glycan profiles of the diabetic and control samples; in particular, two N-glycan structures were identified as potential glycobiomarkers that could reveal significant changes between the untreated/treated type 2 diabetic and control samples. By analyzing the resulting oligosaccharide profiles, clinically relevant information was obtained, revealing the differences between the untreated and HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients on changes in the N-glycan profile in the blood. In addition, the information from specific IgG N-glycosylation profiles in T2D could shed light on underlying inflammatory pathophysiological processes and lead to drug targets.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an extremely challenging health issue of the 21st century [1,2]
All of the above are glycosylated, and their attached carbohydrate structures can be analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) and its hyphenation with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS)
The effects of the blood-collection parameters, sample handling, and samplestorage conditions were investigated on the resulting N-glycan profile
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an extremely challenging health issue of the 21st century [1,2]. All of the above are glycosylated, and their attached carbohydrate structures can be analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) and its hyphenation with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) These glycan biomarkers show great potential in the growth of chronic-disease-related glycomics and glycoproteomics, which are the great challenge after genomics and proteomics [10]. The changes in IgG N-glycosylation have reportedly been associated with various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, many chronic-metabolic diseases, and some inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, type 1 diabetes, and T2D [2,11]. These complex N-glycan structures may be altered by chronic inflammations. Several IgG glycans and traits are firmly associated with T2D, reflecting a pro-inflammatory and biological-aged state, such as a decrease in galactosylation and sialyation, an increase in fucosylated structures with bisecting GlcNAc, and a decrease in fucosylated structures without bisecting GlcNAc [2,10]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
