Abstract
We present N-fold symmetric gratings as gain-flattening filters, since they are polarization insensitive and capable of exhibiting low back reflection. These gratings consist of N superimposed identical tilted gratings which are evenly distributed azimuthally. The coupling interactions between the forward propagating core mode and the backward propagating cladding modes are analyzed, including the limit when N/spl rarr//spl infin/ which is a rotationally symmetric grating. The fiber grating parameters are optimized to equalize the gain profile of a typical erbium doped fiber amplifier to within 0.07 dB. Finally, we examine how the performance of the gain-flattening filter depends on the blaze angle and the effect of an uneven azimuthal distribution of the grating.
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