N譔 Clos Digital Cross-Connect Switch Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

Abstract

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is emerging as a future technology which designs the digital circuits at quantum levels. The technology has gained popularity in terms of designing digital circuits, which occupy very less area and less power dissipation in comparison to the present complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. For designing the routers at quantum levels with non-blocking capabilities various multi-stage networks have been proposed. This manuscript presents the design of the N×N Clos switch matrix as a multistage interconnecting network using quantum-dot cellular automata technology. The design of the Clos switch matrix presented in the article uses three input majority gates (MG). To design the 4 × 4 Clos switch matrix, a basic 2 × 2 switch architecture has been proposed as a basic module. The 2 × 2 switching matrix (SM) design presented in the manuscript utilizes three input majority gates. Also, the 2 × 2 SM has been proposed using five input majority gates. Two different approaches (1&2) have been presented for designing 2 × 2 SM using five input majority gates. The 2 × 2 SM design based on three input majority gate utilizes four zone clocking scheme to allow signal transmission. Although, the clocking scheme used in 2 × 2 SM using three input MG and in 2 × 2 SM approach 1 using five input MG is conventional. The 2 × 2 SM approach 2 design, utilizes the clocking scheme in which clocks can be applied by electric field generators easily and in turn the switch element becomes physically realizable. The simulation results conclude that the 2 × 2 SM is suitable for designing a 4 × 4 Clos network. A higher order of input-output switching matrix, supporting more number of users can utilize the proposed designs.