N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-based injectable and in situ-forming implants for efficient intratumoral chemotherapy

Abstract

The local delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor sites is an effective approach for achieving therapeutic drug concentrations in solid tumors. Injectable implants with the ability to form in situ represent one of the most promising technologies for intratumoral chemotherapy. However, many issues must be resolved before these implants can be applied in clinical practice. Herein, we report a novel injectable in situ-forming implant system composed of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and ethyl oleate, and the sol–gel phase transition is activated by anions in body fluids or blood. This newly developed injectable NBCA ethyl oleate implant (INEI) is biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic. INEI solidifies in several seconds after exposure to body fluids or blood, and the implant’s in vivo degradation time can be controlled. In addition, the pore sizes formed by the polymerization of NBCA can be decreased by increasing the NBCA concentration in the implants. Therefore, the drug retention/release time can be adjusted from a few weeks to several months by changing the concentration of NBCA in the implant formulation. Anti-tumor experiments in animal models showed that the average growth inhibition rate of xenografted human breast cancer cells by the paclitaxel-loaded INEI (40% NBCA) was 80%, and they also indicated that tumors in some of the mice were completely eliminated by just a single dosage injection. For the epirubicin-loaded INEI (50% NBCA), the average growth inhibition rate of xenografted human liver cancer cells was 58%. Thus, the chemotherapeutic drug-loaded INEIs exhibited excellent therapeutic efficacy for local chemotherapy.