Abstract
BackgroundLeishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs. Predominant clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis are ulcerative painless skin lesions. Several data reported that pain is associated with human and dog leishmaniasis, out with areas of painless ulcerative lesions per se. Actually, current medications used for leishmaniasis management are characterized by several side effects and, in addition, some cases of the disease are refractory to the treatment. On this background it is mandatory the identification of new and safe candidates for designing less toxic and low-cost remedies. Therefore, the search for new leishmanicidal compounds is indispensable.MethodsIn the present paper we investigated the effect of orally N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation at dose of 200 mg/Kg for 10 weeks, in subcutaneous Leishmania (L). amazonensis infected BALB/c mice. And evaluating the effect of NAC on inflammatory response such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β levels, and on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia.ResultsIn the present paper we showed how NAC supplementation affected parameters of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), inflammation such as cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and mast cell activation and consequently on induced pain, during leishmaniosis in BALB\\c mice.ConclusionsThe findings of our study provided the scientific data demonstrating that L. amazonensis infection induces inflammation and pain in BALB/c mice that are reversed by administration of NAC.
Highlights
Leishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs
Effect of NAC on oxidative stress markers alteration in L. amazonensis infected animals To evaluate the antioxidant effect of NAC, we investigated some markers of oxidative stress, such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as show in Fig. 5a in infected + vehicle mice we observed a significant depletion of GSH levels, that have been restored by NAC treatment
In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that L. amazonensis infection induces inflammation, pain and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice
Summary
Leishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs. Leishmaniasis, a severe public health problem worldwide, is proved by other than 20 various protozoan species of the genus Leishmania [1] This disease represents one of the most frequently occurring painful and inflammatory conditions in both humans and animals [2, 3]. These parasites are classified as digenetic organisms because they live one phase of their lifecycle in an insect host from the genus Lutomzyia in the New World or Phlebotomus in the Old. World and the other stage inside a mammalian host. Though dogs represent the most know domestic reservoirs of specific Leishmania parasites such as L. infantum the role of Didelphis spp. as reservoirs have been proposed and its synanthropic facility
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