Abstract
To regenerate bone tissues, we investigated the osteogenic differentiation of induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) and bone regeneration capacities using N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-loaded biomimetic nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin (HAp/SF). The addition of HAp and NAC decreased the diameters of the electrospun fibers and enhanced the mechanical properties of the silk scaffold. The release kinetic curve indicated that NAC was released from NAC/HAp/SF nanofibers in a biphasic pattern, with an initial burst release stage and a later sustained release stage. This pattern of release of NAC encapsulated on the NAC/HAp/SF scaffolds prolonged the release of high concentrations of NAC, thereby largely affecting the osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs and bone regeneration. Thus, a new silk electrospun scaffold was developed. HAp was used as a separate nanocarrier for recharging the NAC concentration, which demonstrated the promising potential for the use of NAC/HAp/SF for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
The combination of a pure bone tissue engineering scaffold and seed cells can repair damaged bone tissue to a certain extent
hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin (HAp/SF) composite fibers with 10% HAp were selected as drug carriers to prepare drug-loaded fibers with a certain amount of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)
The TEM images showed that HAps were encapsulated within the electrospun silk fibers and the diameter of the fibers decreased with the incorporation of NAC and NAC/HAp, which may increase the conductivity and viscosity of the SF fibers, FIGURE 2 | Analysis of tensile properties of the composite fibrous scaffolds including typical stress-strain curves (A), tensile strength (B), modulus (C) and elongation (D). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n 5
Summary
The combination of a pure bone tissue engineering scaffold and seed cells can repair damaged bone tissue to a certain extent. It cannot provide close and effective information connection with surrounding natural organs and tissues to accelerate healing of bone tissue damage. The functional bionics of bone tissue engineering scaffolds are based on this signal factor, one of the three elements of bone tissue engineering (Collignon et al, 2017). Multiple growth factors coordinately control the behavior of bone cells and accelerate the secretion of extracellular matrix in osteoblasts. Bone tissue engineering can induce osteoblast proliferation and promote bone regeneration after separation and purification of these growth factors
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