盐湖微微型浮游植物多样性研究进展

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 盐湖微微型浮游植物多样性研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201303040337 作者: 作者单位: 山东江河湿地研究院,中国水利水电科学研究院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究资助项目（2013ZY06）；青海省水利厅前期资助项目；山东省科技厅星火计划资助项目（2012XH11008）；山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金计划（BS2013NY015） Biodiversity and research progress on picophytoplankton in saline lakes Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing,State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:盐湖在地球表层分布较广，中国是世界上盐湖分布稠密的国家。尽管盐湖生态环境极端恶劣，但它们依然是陆地特别是高原生态系统中十分重要的组成部分。微微型浮游植物（Picophytoplankton）通常是指粒径在0.2-3 μm之间的光合自养型浮游生物，在这一生态类群中既有原核生物也有真核生物。微微型浮游植物不仅是海洋生态系统中生物量和生产力的最重要贡献者，也是盐湖生态系统最重要的组成部分。最近的调查数据显示，在东非Bogoria 和 Nakuru苏打盐湖中微微型浮游植物的生产力占整个浮游植物生产力的53%-68%。迄今为止，对盐湖微微型浮游植物多样性的研究多集中于盐田（Solar salterns）、盐池（Saline ponds）以及碱湖（Soda lakes）等超盐水体中；超盐盐湖中最常见的微微型浮游植物主要是蓝细菌（Cyanobacteria）类群，包括席蓝细菌属（Phormidium）、节旋藻属（Arthrospira）和隐杆藻属（Aphanothece）。分子生物学的研究显示，低碱浅水盐湖中微微型浮游植物具有丰富的多样性，主要类群是微微型原核浮游植物，还有部分种类与真核藻类质体序列高度相似。盐湖生态系统中微微型浮游植物群落结构演替变化的研究已经逐渐引起更多研究者的关注。已有的研究资料显示，水体矿化度是影响微微型浮游植物平面分布及群落结构组成的重要因子；光照、营养成分和温度等也会影响盐湖水体中微微型浮游植物平面分布及群落结构组成。综述了国内外对不同类型盐湖生态系统中微微型浮游植物多样性研究的概况，探讨了不同地理区域各种盐湖中微微型浮游植物群落结构的演替变化，并就我国未来加强盐湖中微微型浮游植物多样性构成、分布与变动及驱动变化的因子等研究提出了建议。 Abstract:Saline lakes are widely distributed on the surface of the earth, with a relatively high density of salt lakes recorded in China. Saline lakes are often productive and comprise an important part of the highland ecosystem, since they harbor many novel prokaryotic microorganisms under harsh environmental conditions. However, little research has been conducted in these systems, and understanding about the community diversity and dynamics of picophytoplankton assemblages in such environments is limited. Picophytoplankton, defined as phytoplankton with a diameter less than 0.2-3 μm and composed of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, not only play a crucial role for primary productivity in marine ecosystems, but also in saline lake ecosystems. Recent survey data suggest that picophytoplankton contribute from 53%-68% of the productivity in the total phytoplankton community in Lake Bogoriau and Lake Nakuru in East Africa. Biodiversity research of picophytoplankton has mainly focused on hypersaline lakes, such as solar salterns, saline ponds, and soda lakes. The most dominant taxa included Arthrospira, Phormidium, and Aphanothece, known as cyanobacteria in hypersaline lakes. Molecular analyses revealed significant genetic diversity in hyposaline soda lakes. After cloning and sequencing, the results found that the majority of the retrieved sequences belonged to prokaryotic picophytoplankton, while the others showed high similarity with eukaryotic algal plastids. Research on the picophytoplankton community patterns and seasonal succession in saline lakes has been attracting the attention of more and more scientists in recent years. Total dissolved solids were identified as the predominant factor structuring the spatial distribution of picophytoplankton. Light intensity, nutrient composition, and temperature also affected the spatial distribution and community composition of picophytoplankton. In this paper, the biodiversity patterns, spatial distributions, and community succession of picophytoplankton within different geographical regions were compared and summarized through literature reviews. Our results highlight the importance of more comprehensive investigation about the diversity, distribution, and ecological role of picophytoplankton in saline lakes at the national level in China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献