Abstract
Leached test was used to evaluate the safety of the ferrite sludge formed by conventional, two-step treatments and two-step treatments with pre-treatment by KMnO4. Simultaneously, the concentration of Ni, Fe and Mn ions in the treated water was measured before the leached test. The effect of pre-treatment on the concentration (C) of Ni, Fe and Mn in the elute was discussed by comparing the conventional and two-step treatments.The CNi and CMn of ferrite sludge formed by the two-step treatment with pre-treatment were remarkably lower than that by conventional and two-step treatments in relation to Ni(OH)2 on the surface of ferrite particles. However, the limit in the ability to treat heavy metals decreases in the wastewater containing citric acid. XPS measurement of the sludge formed by conventional and two-step treatment with pre-treatment indicated the existence of Ni(OH)2 on the surface of ferrite particles. The measurement after Xe+ sputtering showed that the Ni(OH)2 is present not only on the surface but also in the bulk of the particles formed by conventional treatment.The two-step treatment with pre-treatment stabilizes the sludge and is favorable for steady operation of the ferrite process, industrial utilization of the sludge and good quality of the treated water.
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