西安市城郊农业效益综合分析

Abstract

本文为探讨西安市城郊区高效农业效益，以一年两作小麦-玉米的种植为参照，选取葡萄产业和设施蔬菜产业为代表，对西安城郊区的高效农业产业的经济、社会和生态效益分别进行了评价。结果表明：葡萄和设施蔬菜产业的单位面积净利润、成本利润率和经济产投比均高于粮食作物。葡萄和设施蔬菜产业还可有效吸纳农村劳动力，促进就业。此外，葡萄产业正的生态效益优于小麦-玉米，但由于施用化肥量超过作物需求量过多，造成的环境污染多于种植小麦-玉米；设施蔬菜的生态效益低于小麦-玉米。总之，西安市城郊高效农业有较高的经济效益和社会效益，化肥施用过量限制了生态效益。 To explore the efficiency of high-efficiency agriculture in the suburbs of Xi’an City, the paper analyzed the economic, social and ecological benefits of grape industry and the vegetable industry, taking the wheat and corn as a reference. The results showed that the net profit per unit area, cost-profit rate and economic output-to-output ratio of grapes and vegetable industry were all higher than those of crops. The vegetable industry can also effectively absorb rural labor and promote employment. The positive ecological benefits of the grape industry are better than that of wheat-corn, but the amount of fertilizer applied exceeds the crop demand which has caused more serious environmental pollution than that of wheat-corn. The ecological benefits of vegetable-based facilities are lower than that of wheat-corn. In conclusion, high-efficiency agriculture in outskirts Xi’an has high economic and social benefits, but excessive use of chemical fertilizer limits the ecological benefits.