Abstract
In chilled cast iron, the depth of the ledeburite layer, that of mottled structure and its coarseness of it, depend on the number of eutectic cells formed at different distances from the chill end. In the present investigation, the number of eutectic cells was counted on vertical sections of wedge castings of various compositions. It is shown that the number of eutectic cells increases as the cooling rate increases till ledeburite begins to form. The cell number is far larger in the hyper-eutectic alloys than in hypo-eutectic ones. Phosphorus to 0.4% increases the number but more phosphorus decreases it. Silicon increases the number. Manganese and chromium decrease the number and widen the mottled part and coarsen the mottled structure making the size of flake graphite uniform. Sulfur, tellurium and oxygen remove the maximum point of cell number more slowly cooled part and increase the number, accordingly increase the chilled layer without widening the mottled part and refine the structure, and change the flake graphite to fine undercooled graphite. When manganese and sulphur coexist, the effects of both the elements appear in proportion to their balance. Titanium decreases the cell number and refine the graphite structure, but the structure is peculiar because the ledeburite containing titanium decomposes rather quickly after solidification.
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