残疾人工作倦怠现状及其相关因素研究

Abstract

目的：探讨残疾人的工作倦怠状及其相关因素。方法：本研究采用《工作倦怠问卷》和《领悟社会支持量表》对130名残疾人与名147正常人进行了调查。结果：1) 残疾人工作倦怠维度中只有成就感降低维度显著低于一般水平。2) 残疾人与正常人在工作倦怠总体(t = −3.599, p < 0.001)，情绪衰竭(t = 3.173, p < 0.01)和人格解体维度(t = −2.832, p < 0.01)与正常人均存在显著差异。3) 不同职业残疾人在工作倦怠总均分(F = 5.235, p < 0.001)、情绪衰竭(F = 0.674, p < 0.01)、人格解体(F = 0.487, p < 0.05)、成就感降低(F = 11.475, p < 0.001)维度上差异均显著。4) 残疾人工作倦怠总均分与社会支持总分(r = −0.221, p < 0.01)、家庭支持(r = −0.198, p < 0.01)、朋友支持(r = −0.172, p < 0.01)、其他人支持(r = −0.236, p < 0.01)都存在显著负相关；残疾人成就感降低维度与社会支持总分(r = −0.286, p < 0.01)、家庭支持(r = −0.268, p < 0.01)、朋友支持(r = −0.279, p < 0.01)、其他人支持(r = −0.305, p < 0.01)存在显著负相关。结论：残疾人工作倦怠较正常人严重，不同职业残疾人的工作倦怠存在差异，社会支持是残疾人工作倦怠的重要保护因素。 Objective: To investigate the job burnout status and its related factors in the people with disabilities. Methods: The Burnout Questionnaire and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate 130 disabled people and 147 normal people. Results: 1) In the job burnout dimension of the disabled, only the reduction of the sense of achievement was significantly lower than the average level. 2) There were significant differences between the disabled and the normal subjects in the overall burnout (t = −3.599, p < 0.001), emotional exhaustion (t = 3.173, p < 0.01) and depersonalization (t = −2.832, p < 0.01). 3) There were significant differences in total burnout (F = 5.235, p < 0.001), emotional exhaustion (F = 0.674, p < 0.01), depersonalization (F = 0.487, p < 0.05), and decreased achievement (F = 11.475, p < 0.001) among the disabled’s subgroups of occupational disability. 4) The total score of job burnout was significantly negatively correlated with social support total score (r = −0.221, p < 0.01) family support (r = −0.198, p < 0.01), support of friends (r = −0.172, p < 0.01) and other people support (r = −0.236, p < 0.01). The personal accomplishment dimension was significantly negatively correlated with total score of social support (r = −0.286, p < 0.01) family support (r = −0.268, p < 0.01), support of friends (r = −0.279, p < 0.01) and other people support (r = −0.305, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The job burnout of the disabled is more serious than that of the normal people. The job burnout status is different among the disabled with different occupation. Social support is an important protective factor of job burnout of the disabled.