个性化三维打印仿生骨骼术前诊断模型

Abstract

Before performing bone surgery, a diagnosis is obtained mainly based on CT digital images. It is impossible for surgeons to test their operation plans and recovery strategy before surgery. Choosing between strength-match bone nails and bone plates is difficult, and post-operative stress complication is inevitable. Surgeons need to measure defect areas carefully in order to choose appropriate internal fixation devices based only on experience. Consequently, surgery time increases. Longer surgery time means a higher possibility for vein thrombosis or even artery thrombosis. In addition, for caput femoris, which contains many vessels and nerves, a long surgery is more likely to cause intraoperative complications, disability, or even death. A 3DP customized bone preoperative diagnosis model can characterize a given fracture or defect precisely, and thus increase the observation field of view before surgery. This paper first analyze the model structure of skeletal anatomy, and then study the skeletal bionics design of the internal micro structure, the preoperative diagnosis outline shape structure, and the biomechanical property. Based on this study, we fabricate different strength bone scaffold by controlling the 3DP processing parameters, materials size and their shape. The preoperative diagnosis model can help surgeons define the level and type of bone defects. It facilitates choosing between bone nails and bone plates. The preoperative model can also be used as basis to set up bone nails, bone plates, and bone substitute implanting plans. As a physical model for preoperative design, recovery simulation, implant choice, and 3D spatial data measurements, the 3DP preoperative diagnosis model can substantially improve the effect of surgery, decrease surgery time, and consequently, decrease the possibility of intraoperative and post-operative complications.