Abstract
Cutaneous vasodilator function plays a role in the thermoregulatory system during rest and exercise, and its dysfunction, especially in elderly people, can influence the system’s vulnerability in heat-stressed conditions. In this review, firstly, we describe the mechanisms that control the cutaneous vasculature in humans. The reflex mechanisms by which sympathetic nerves mediate vasoconstriction and active vasodilation during whole-body thermal stress are examined, including discussions of the mechanisms involving cotransmission, nitric oxide (NO) and other mediators. The mechanisms that effect local cutaneous vasomotor responses to local skin warming are also examined, including the roles of axon reflexes as well as NO and other mediators. Next, we highlight the effects of aerobic exercise training on reflexes and local vasomotor control in the skin. Factors that modulate control mechanisms of the cutaneous vasculature, such as aging and clinical conditions, are discussed. Finally, the beneficial influences of exercise training on cutaneous vasodilator function in healthy young and elderly people with or without chronic diseases are emphasized.
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